四、词类的转换
在翻译中,词类转换是一个重要的技巧。在实际翻译中,将动词换成名词,将名词改成介词这类灵活的方法往往可救译者于“危难”一句翻不下去的话,一经转换便起死回生。这说明,词性本身有可能对翻译造成障碍,翻译时不能死盯着原文的词性一。必要时,法律翻译亦需要对词性进行转换。举例如下:
1.名词转换为动词
例 1 :The developmentof international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is animportant element in promoting friendly relations among States.(在平等互利的基础上发展国际贸易,是促进各国间友好关系的一个重要因素。)
例 2: A court may refuserecognition and enforcement based on the grounds for the refusal ofrecognition and enforcement available pursuant to its law.(法院可以其法律所规定的拒绝承认和执行的理由为根据,拒绝给予承认和执行。)
例 3:Theresale of cultural relics in private collections at a profit shall be strictlyforbidden. (严禁将私人收藏的文物进行倒卖牟利。)
例 4:Theconfidentiality restrictions and obligations imposed by this Section shallterminate two(2) years after the expiration or termination ofthis Agreement (本条规定的保密限制和义务,在本协议期满或终止两年后终止。)
例 5: This Contract issubject to the approval of the Examination and Approval Authority beforethe same may become effective.(本合同须经审批部门批准方能生效。)
例 6: This Convention issubject to ratification,acceptanceor approval by the signatory States.(本公约须经签署国批准、接受或者核准。)
2.形容词转换为副词
The People’sCourts,the People’sProcuratorates and the Public Security Organs shall^ in handling criminal cases,divide their functions,each takingresponsibility for its own work, and they shall coordinate their efforts andcheck each other to ensure the cor-rect and effective enforcement of the law.(人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关办理刑事案件,应当分工负责,互相配合,互相制约,以确保准确有效地执行法律。)此外,在这一句中,名词“enforcement”被转换成了动词。