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公证文书的翻译-公证文书的特点
作者: 发布于:2021/9/24 15:23:28 点击量:

公证文书的特点


   公证是公证机构根据自然人、法人或者其他组织的申请,依照法定程序对民事法律行为、有法律意义的事实和文书的真实性、合法性予以证明的活动。公证书是指国家公证机关依法对当事人申请公证的法律行为、有法律意义的文书和事实审查后,进而确认其真实性、合法性而出具的证明文书,如“学历公证书”、“成绩单公证书”、“婚姻公证书”、“收养公证书”、“亲属关系公证书”、“未受刑事处分公证书”、“合同公证书”等。随着我国公民涉外交往 (比如移民、留学、旅游等)的频繁,对公证的需求也大量增加。在此背景下,做好公证文书的翻译工作,并保证翻译质量,具有重要的现实意义。

公证文书的特点

  与其他法律文本一样,在文体风格、词语运用、语法手段等方面,公证文书具有用语严谨、规范等特点。高度格式化是公证书最为突出的特点。具体说明如下:

  (一)语言的准确严密

  语言的准确严密是对公证文书的最基本要求。公证文书必须忠实原文,这就要求译者必须在准确透彻地理解原文实质的基础上,忠实地表达原文的内容。以实践中常用的学历公证的正文为例:

  例1:学生李明,性别男,一九八五年六月三十日生。于二〇〇四年九月至二〇〇八年七月在本校法律专业四年制本科学习,修完教学计划规定的全部课程,成绩合格,准予毕业。

  英文译文为:

  Having studied the four-year legal undergraduate program in our university from September 2004 to July 2008,Li Ming (male,born on 22 December 1985) has successfully completed all the courses stipulated in our teaching plan, and thus being permitted to leave with this graduation certificate.

  在译文中,用一句英文完成了对汉语的翻译。在译文中,通过对分词的使用:1. Having studied the four-year legal undergraduate • • •

  2.being permitted to leave with this graduation certificate

  使汉语意思得到了简明的表达,同时,整个句子的逻辑结构也非常严谨。

   例2:兹证明李明(男,1980年6月30日出生)于2000年9月人北京大学化学系学习,学制4年,于2004年7月毕业,并获得学士学位。

   英文译文为:

  This is to certify that Li Ming (male,born on May 30, 1980) was enrolled in the Chemistry Department of Peking University (4-year course) in September 2000 and graduated with Bachelor’s degree in July 2004.

   在上述译文中,“入学”被翻译为“be enrolled in”,这是一个较为规范的表达方法。如果使用“to start school”则不太规范,该表达主要表示开始进人小学或者中学学习。

   例3:兹证明北京大学毕业文凭上的学校印签和校长张伟的签字属实。

  英文译文为:

  This is to certify that both the signature of President Zhang Wei and the seal affixed hereto are found to be authentic.

  在上述译文中,“属实”被翻译成“authentic”,这种翻译要优于“genuine”。Authentic 一词在法律英语中比较常用。比如:“作准证书”是“Authentic Instrument”,“作准文件”是 “Authentic Document”。在《布莱克法律辞典》中有例句:the signature is authentic(署名属实)由此可见,用“authentic”一词翻译“属实”要更准确一些。

   例4:兹证明李明(男,1980年5月1日出生)和王芳(女,1980年6月1日出生)于2005年5月1日在北京朝阳区民政局登记办公室登记结婚。

   有译者将其翻译为:

   This is to certify that Li Ming,who is male and was born on May 1,1980,and Wang Fang, who is female and was born on June 1,1980,registered marriage on May 1, 2010 at the registration office of Civil Affairs Department, Chaoyang District,Beijing.

这篇译文的主要缺陷之一在于时态。“registered”一词为动词的过去式,表明的是在过去登记结婚,并不能证明现在的婚姻状况是离异(divorced)、丧偶(widowed)还是分居 (separate)。这种翻译方法并不能满足公证文书的准确严密的要求。因此,可以将时态改为现在完成时态,以表达“一直持续到现在的状态”。此外,上述译文不够简洁。可以修改为:

  This is to certify that Li Ming (male, born on May 1,1980) and Wang Fang (female,born on June 1, 1980) have been married since May 1,2010 at the registration office of Civil Affairs Department, Chaoyang District,Beijing.

  (二)高度格式化

  在实践中,公证文书有固定的结构。公证文书在使用过程中,被不断地完善,一般都已形成某种固定的格式。这在一定程度上给译者带来了便利,译者可以按照相对固定的句式和词语翻译即可。例如上述两个学历公证的正文的表达就是相对格式化的。再如,

  例1:“未受刑事处分公证书”的表达通常是:兹证明李明(性别男,1985年6月30日出 生〉至2010年12月20日在中国居住期间没有受过刑事处分。

  该句可以翻译为:

  This is to certify that Li Ming (male,born on June 30,1985) has not had any record of committing offences against the criminal laws during the period of his residence in China until December 20,2010.

  对于“未受刑事处分公证书”的译文可以形成这样的“模板”:

  This is to certify that name (male /female,born on month/day,year) has not had any record of committing offences against the criminal laws during the period of his residence in place until month/day,year.

  例2:“委托公证书”的表达通常是:兹证明李明和张伟于2010年5月1日来到我处,在 我面前,在前面的委托书上签名(或盖章)。

  该句可以翻译为:

  This to certify that Li Ming and Zhang Wei came to my office on May l3t,2010,and affixed their signature (or their seal) in my presence,on the Power of Attorney attached hereto.

  除了上述内容外,为了表示公证员的“见证”,一般还会加上下述固定的“套话”:In wit-ness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and official seal on the day and year first writ-ten above.(公证员于上述日期签署以上文书并加盖印章,特此证明。)

  对于“委托公证书”的译文可以形成这样的“模板

  This to certify that name and name came to my office on month/day, year,and affixed their signature (or their seal)in my presence,on the Power of Attorney attached hereto.

  In witness whereof,I have hereunto set my hand and official seal on the day and year first written above.

  例3:“商标注册公证书”的通常表达是:兹证明徐州耐驰蓄电池公司生产的蓄电池上的 “耐驰”商标经国家工商行政管理局商标局核准注册,取得第0304号《商标注册证》。该商标的专有权属于徐州耐驰蓄电池公司,该商标的有效期为10年。该句可以翻译为:

   This is to certify that Naichi Trademark on accumulator produced by Jiangsu Naichi Accumulator Co. registered at trademark office of Industry and Commerce Administration of the People’s Republic of China and accepted NO. 0304 Trademark Registration Certificate.

  The patent right of the Trademark Registration belongs to Jiangsu Naichi Accumulator Co.with 10 years of validity.

  对于“商标注册公证书”的译文可以形成这样的“模板”:

  This is to certify that ___Trademark on ___(the name of the goods) produced by ____(Name of the Company) registered at trademark office of Industry and Commerce Administration of the People’s Republic of China and accepted NO . ____Trademark Registration Certificate.

  The patent right of the Trademark Registration belongs to___(Name of the Company) with ____ years of validity.


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