4.公司章程

美国和其他一些普通法国家将. 司章程分为两个独立的文件（英国在2006年废除了这种做法）。公司组织大纲(或者公司成立章程)是基本文件，其规范的是公司与外部世界的关系。公司组织大纲制定公司目标（如“本公司制造汽车”），并载明公司的授权资本。内部管理细则是一个次要文件，其规范的主要对象是公司内部事务及管理，比如董事会会议程序、股息等。如两个文件发生冲突，则公司组织大纲的效力优先。在美国，只有公司组织大纲才被公开。

4，CorporateConstitution

The United States, and a few other common lawcountries, split the corporate constitution into two separate documents(the UKgot rid of this in 2006). The memorandum of association(or articles ofincorporation) is the primary document, and will generally regulate the company’sactivities with the outside world. It states which objects the company is meantto follow(e.g.”this company makes automobiles”)and specifies the authorizedshare capital of the company. By-laws are the secondary document, and willgenerally regulate the company’s internal affairs and management, such asprocedures for board of directors meetings, dividend entitlements etc. In theevent of any inconsistency, the memorandum prevails and in the United Statesonly the memorandum is publicized.

对于公司成员而言，通过诸如股东协议之类的协议来补充公司章程是非常普遍的做法。通过这些协议，公司成员同意以某种特定的方式来行使其成员权利。股东协议具有与公司章程相同的功能，但它只是一个合同，通常对公司的新成员不具有约束力，除非他们同意加入此协议。股东协议通常是保密的，这是它的好处之一，因为大多数司法管辖区并不要求公开登记股东协议。

It is quite common for members of a company tosupplement the corporate constitution with additional arrangements, such asshareholders’agreements, whereby they agree to exercise their membership rightsin a certain way. A shareholders’ agreement fulfills many of the same functionsas the corporate constitution, but it is a contract, it will not normally bindnew members of the company unless they accede to it. One benefit ofshareholders’ agreement is that they will usually be confidential, as mostjurisdictions do not require shareholder’s agreements to be publicly filed.

广州乐传翻译公司--法律翻译、合同翻译专家。